- 发布日期:2024-12-23 00:59 点击次数:103 一、试题原文:
Online eating shows have attracted a lot of fans across the world. Many hosts of such shows are popular for their ability to eat too much food. But some shows have received criticism(批评) for their waste of food. Some hosts threw away a great deal of food instead of eating it up. 无利息配资
It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year. In order to stop food waste. the videos that show food waste have been cut by many video platforms(平台). such as Douyin, Kuaishou and Bilibili.
Recently, the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food. More than 18 provinces have made some instructions for restaurants to control food waste. In Shaanxi Province, local restaurants are asked to provide half portions(半份) to avoid waste. In Wuhan, the government suggests that restaurants use "N﹣1" mode(模式). For example, a group of 10 should only order enough food for nine people at first. More food is only brought to the table if needed.
In addition, a nationwide "Clear Your Plate" action has been launched(发起) online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals. At the same time, new laws are also being considered. " We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste, " announced a government officer.
根据上面短文内容填空(每空不限一词)。
71. Some _______shows have received criticism because they________ .
72. According to Beijing News, about_______ tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year. The datum(数据) shows the problem of food waste is _______.
73. "N﹣1" mode is designed to avoid______. If twelve people go to dinner, they had better order enough food for only______ people at first.
74. In addition, "______"action has been launched online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after they______ .
75. Our country has already_______ to ask people to save food. Moreover, it will consider making new laws to _______ on avoiding food waste.
二、试题答案及权威分析解读:71.答案:online eating;waste food
解题及分析过程:
原文中提到“But some shows have received criticism for their waste of food.”,这里的“some shows”指的是前文提到的“online eating shows”,因此第一个空应填“online eating”。而“waste food”则是直接对应了“waste of food”这一批评的原因。
命题方法、技巧、套路及解题障碍:
命题人通过直接引用原文中的信息来设置问题,考察考生对文章细节的把握能力。解题障碍可能在于考生没有准确理解原文中的“some shows”指的是哪类节目,或者没有将“waste of food”与“waste food”联系起来。
72.答案:50 million;serious
解题及分析过程:
原文中明确提到“It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year.”,因此第一个空应填“50 million”。而关于食物浪费问题的严重性,虽然原文没有直接说出“serious”这个词,但从“about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year”这一数据可以推断出食物浪费问题是非常严重的,因此第二个空填“serious”是合理的。
命题方法、技巧、套路及解题障碍:
命题人通过提供具体数据来考察考生对文章信息的提取能力,并通过推断来考察考生对文章内容的理解能力。解题障碍可能在于考生没有注意到原文中的具体数据,或者没有根据数据推断出食物浪费问题的严重性。
73.答案:food waste;eleven
解题及分析过程:
原文中提到“'N﹣1' mode is designed to avoid waste.”,这里的“waste”在上下文中指的是“food waste”,因此第一个空应填“food waste”。而关于“N﹣1”模式的具体应用,原文给出例子“For example, a group of 10 should only order enough food for nine people at first.”,由此可以推断出如果12人去吃饭,他们应该先点够11人的食物,因此第二个空填“eleven”。
命题方法、技巧、套路及解题障碍:
命题人通过具体例子来考察考生对“N﹣1”模式的理解和应用能力。解题障碍可能在于考生没有准确理解“'N﹣1' mode is designed to avoid waste.”这句话中的“waste”指的是“food waste”,或者没有根据例子推断出12人应该点够多少人的食物。
74.答案:Clear Your Plate;finish their meals
解题及分析过程:
原文中提到“In addition, a nationwide 'Clear Your Plate' action has been launched online.”,因此第一个空应填“Clear Your Plate”。而关于这个行动的具体内容,原文提到“Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals.”,因此第二个空应填“finish their meals”。
命题方法、技巧、套路及解题障碍:
命题人通过直接引用原文中的信息来设置问题,考察考生对文章细节的把握能力。解题障碍可能在于考生没有注意到原文中的“'Clear Your Plate' action”这一关键信息,或者没有将“share photos or videos of empty plates”与“finish their meals”联系起来。
75.答案:taken action;give clear instructions
解题及分析过程:
原文中提到“Recently, the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food.”,因此第一个空应填“taken action”。而关于新法律的内容,原文提到“We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste,”,因此第二个空应填“give clear instructions”。
命题方法、技巧、套路及解题障碍:
命题人通过直接引用原文中的信息来设置问题,考察考生对文章细节的把握能力。解题障碍可能在于考生没有注意到原文中的“taken action”这一关键信息,或者没有将“make new laws”与“give clear instructions”联系起来。同时,考生也需要理解“to avoid wasting food”和“on avoiding food waste”是表达相同意思的不同方式。
三、试题高频高难核心单词深度剖析:1.criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/,名词,批评;指责
短语/句型:receive criticism,意为“受到批评”。
近义词:condemnation,disapproval
反义词:praise,compliment
例句英文:The new policy has received widespread criticism from the public.
例句中文:这项新政策受到了公众的广泛批评。
分析:该词在中考中常作为阅读理解或完形填空的考点,要求考生理解其含义并能根据上下文正确使用。同时,“receive criticism”这一短语也是高频考点,需要考生熟练掌握。
2.waste /weɪst/,名词/动词,浪费;废料;使...浪费
短语/句型:waste of food,意为“食物浪费”;waste time doing sth.,意为“浪费时间做某事”。
近义词:squander,misspend
反义词:save,conserve
例句英文:We should try to reduce the waste of food in our daily life.
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例句中文:我们应该在日常生活中尽量减少食物浪费。
分析:该词在中考中既可作为名词也可作为动词出现,要求考生能够准确理解其不同词性的含义,并能根据语境正确使用。同时,“waste of food”和“waste time doing sth.”这两个短语也是中考高频考点。
3.action /ˈækʃn/,名词,行动;活动
短语/句型:take action,意为“采取行动”;in action,意为“在行动中”。
近义词:move,step
反义词:inaction,passivity
例句英文:The government has taken action to reduce pollution in the city.
例句中文:政府已经采取行动来减少城市污染。
分析:该词在中考中常作为阅读理解或完形填空的考点,要求考生理解其含义并能根据上下文正确使用。同时,“take action”这一短语也是中考高频考点,需要考生熟练掌握。
4.launch /lɔːntʃ/,动词,发射;启动;发起
短语/句型:launch a campaign/project/etc.,意为“发起一场运动/项目/等”。
近义词:start,initiate
反义词:end,terminate
例句英文:The company plans to launch a new product next month.
例句中文:公司计划下个月推出一款新产品。
分析:该词在中考中常作为动词出现,要求考生能够准确理解其含义,并能根据语境正确使用。同时,“launch a campaign/project/etc.”这一短语也是中考高频考点,需要考生熟练掌握。
5.consider /kənˈsɪdər/,动词,考虑;认为
短语/句型:consider doing sth.,意为“考虑做某事”;consider sb./sth. (to be) + 形容词/名词,意为“认为某人/某物是...”。
近义词:think about,ponder
反义词:ignore,disregard
例句英文:I'm considering buying a new car.
例句中文:我正在考虑买一辆新车。
分析:该词在中考中常作为动词出现,要求考生能够准确理解其含义,并能根据语境正确使用。同时,“consider doing sth.”和“consider sb./sth. (to be) + 形容词/名词”这两个短语也是中考高频考点,需要考生熟练掌握。此外,该词还可以与介词、副词等搭配使用,形成更多固定短语和句型,需要考生在日常学习中不断积累和总结。
四、试题长难句分析:1.It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year.
翻译:据《北京新闻》报道,每年约有5000万吨食物被扔进垃圾桶。 句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“It is reported in Beijing News”,其中“It”是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句“that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year”。 重要语法点:主语从句,由“that”引导,作为“is reported”的真正主语;被动语态“is thrown”表示食物被扔。 短语句型:“It is reported that...”意为“据报道...”,是常见的新闻或报道用语。2.In order to stop food waste, the videos that show food waste have been cut by many video platforms, such as Douyin, Kuaishou and Bilibili.
翻译:为了制止食物浪费,许多视频平台,如抖音、快手和哔哩哔哩,已经删除了展示食物浪费的视频。 句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“the videos have been cut by many video platforms”,其中“that show food waste”是定语从句,修饰“the videos”,说明是哪些视频被删除;“in order to stop food waste”是目的状语,说明删除视频的目的;“such as Douyin, Kuaishou and Bilibili”是举例,说明是哪些视频平台。 重要语法点:定语从句,由“that”引导,修饰先行词“the videos”;被动语态“have been cut”表示视频被删除;目的状语“in order to”表示目的。 短语句型:“In order to do sth.”意为“为了做某事”;“such as...”意为“例如”。3.More than 18 provinces have made some instructions for restaurants to control food waste.
翻译:18个以上的省份已经对餐厅制定了控制食物浪费的指令。 句子分析:这是一个简单句,主语是“More than 18 provinces”,谓语是“have made”,宾语是“some instructions”,“for restaurants to control food waste”是目的状语,说明制定指令的对象和目的。 重要语法点:现在完成时“have made”表示已经完成的动作;目的状语“for...to do...”表示为了某目的而做某事。 短语句型:“make instructions for sb. to do sth.”意为“为某人制定做某事的指令”。4."We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste," announced a government officer.
翻译:一位政府官员宣布:“我们将制定新法律,就避免食物浪费给出明确指示。” 句子分析:这是一个复合句,主句是“'We will make new laws...' announced a government officer”,其中直接引语“We will make new laws...”是宾语从句,作为“announced”的内容;“to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste”是目的状语,说明制定新法律的目的。 重要语法点:宾语从句,由直接引语构成,作为“announced”的宾语;将来时“will make”表示将要发生的动作;目的状语“to do...”表示目的。 短语句型:“give instructions on...”意为“就...给出指示”;“avoid doing sth.”意为“避免做某事”。 五、往期优质内容:2021年江苏省常州市中考英语试卷-阅读理解四权威深度解读
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